Condition · systemic

Osteoporosis

Reduced bone density that raises fracture risk. Vertebral compression fractures are a commonly under-diagnosed presentation, particularly in post-menopausal women.

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by the weakening of bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures. It occurs when bone density and quality decrease due to an imbalance between bone formation and resorption.

Common risk factors include aging, menopause, a sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition (especially low calcium and vitamin D), smoking, and certain medical conditions or medications.

Fractures, particularly in the spine, hip, and wrist, are common complications. Symptoms are often silent until a fracture occurs.

Diagnosis is typically made using a bone density scan (DEXA).

Treatment includes medications, lifestyle changes, weight-bearing exercises, and supplementation with calcium and vitamin D.